Kudhonza kusina chinhu - dope risina chinhu rinoiswa pareel (kureva, pavhiri), uye simba rekutenderera reel rinoshandiswa kudhonza dhaka risina chinhu muchimiro chaunoda nemaoko maviri, iyo ndiyo nzira yechinyakare yekugadzira ceramics muChina, uye iyi nzira inonzi billet. Madhisiki, mbiya uye dzimwe denderedzwa ware inoumbwa nenzira isina chinhu yekudhirowa.
Ihari inodhonzwa nemaoko
Billet - kana iyo blank blank yaoma semi-yaoma, inoiswa pareel uye yakachekwa nebanga kuita kuti pasi rive rakatsetseka, gobvu uye kunyange, maitiro aya anonzi billet.
Kuchera tsoka - kana chiridzwa chakatenderedzwa chikadhonzwa chisina chinhu, 3-inch yakareba dhaka chinangwa (mubato) inosiiwa pasi, uye ipapo tsoka yepasi yemudziyo wekuchera inochererwa pasi petsoka, iyi nzira inonzi yekuchera tsoka.
Chivakwa chedhaka â nzira yechinyakare yekuumba hari. Pakugadzira, madhaka anotanga kukungurutswa kuita mitsetse mirefu, yobva yaumbwa kubva pasi zvichikwira maererano nezvinodiwa nechimiro, uye ipapo mukati nokunze zvinokwenenzverwa nemaoko kana kuti maturusi ari nyore kuita kuti rive mudziyo. Ihari yakagadzirwa nenzira iyi inowanzosiya zvinyorwa zvedhaka pamadziro emukati.
Wheel system - iyo nzira yekugadzira ceramics ine mavhiri ane mavhiri, chikamu chikuru ivhiri rehuni rakatenderedza, pane vertical shaft pasi pevhiri, iyo yakadzika mugumo weiyo vertical shaft yakavigwa muvhu, uye kune hubhu yekufambisa kutenderera kwevhiri. Uchishandisa simba rekutenderera revhiri, shandisa maoko ese kudhonza dhaka risina chinhu muchimiro chaunoda. Iyo nzira yekutenderera yakatanga mukupedzisira Neolithic Dawenkou tsika, uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvaive zvenguva dzose muchimiro uye yunifomu mukukora.
Backfiring â nzira yekupfura porcelain. Cushion makeke kana high-temperature isingadziviriri jecha rakanaka rinoiswa mubhokisi, uye midziyo yakagochwa nenzira yepamutemo, iyo inonzi backburning.
Maitiro ekuisa matatu matatu gaskets mu backfiring process
Kuturika â nzira yekupisa porcelain. Kureva kuti, zvidimbu zvakawanda zvemidziyo zvinorongedzerwa pamwe chete zvopiswa, uye midziyo yacho inoparadzaniswa kuti itakurwe zvinhu zvakapiswa. Inogona kukamurwa kuva:
(1) Kuturika zvipikiri, nzira iyi yaishandiswa kare;
(2) Kupfurwa kwakaturikidzana kwedenderedzwa remapazi, senge honi dzakagadzika;
(3) Kuputira kana kukwenya glaze stacking, ndiko kuti, kukwenya denderedzwa regirazi mukati memwoyo wemudziyo (kunyanya mahwendefa nembiya), wobva wabvisa denderedzwa regirazi kubva mumudziyo unopfuta wakaturikidzana, wozoisa tsoka yepasi (isina kupenya) yezvimedu zvakaturikidzana pamusoro payo. zvigadzirwa.
Kupisa zvakanyanya â nzira yekupisa porcelain. Kureva kuti, porcelain yakafukidzwa uye yakagochwa mubhokisi rine mhete yekutsigira kana mbiya trapezoidal brace, iyo yakatanga muNorth Song Dynasty uye yakashandiswawo muQingbai porcelain kiln system muJingdezhen uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Zvakanakira goho guru uye deformation duku; Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvekuti muromo wemudziyo hauna kuvhenekera, izvo zvisingakwanisi kushandisa.
Vegetarian kupfura - inoreva maceramics anoda kupiswa kaviri, ndiko kuti, tanga wapinda muchoto kuti upise iyo isina chinhu pane yakaderera tembiricha (inenge 750 ~ 950 ° C), inonzi kupfura kwemuriwo, uyezve, kupenya zvakare muchoto kuti moto. Inogona kuwedzera simba remuviri wegirinhi uye kuvandudza mwero wechokwadi.
Astringent denderedzwa - iyo porcelain isati yavharwa, mukati memudziyo unobviswa denderedzwa re glaze, uye nzvimbo isina kupenya inonzi "astringent denderedzwa", iyo yaizivikanwa muJin neYuan dynasties.
Dip glaze - Dipped glaze ndeimwe yemaitiro e ceramic glazing, anozivikanwawo se "dipping glaze". Muviri wakasvibira unonyudzwa mu glaze kwechinguva uye wozobviswa, uye kutorwa kwemvura kwegirinhi kunoshandiswa kuita kuti glaze paste inamate pane isina chinhu. Ukobvu hweiyo glaze layer inodzorwa nekunyura kwemvura kweiyo isina chinhu, kuwanda kweiyo glaze slurry, uye maceration nguva. Inokodzera glazing gobvu tire muviri uye mukombe uye mbiya zvigadzirwa.
Glaze kuvhuvhuta - ndeimwe yenzira dzechinyakare dzekupenya muChina. Fukidza ne bamboo chubhu ine shinda yakanaka, nyura mu glaze uye uiputire nemuromo wako, nhamba ye glaze inoputika inoenderana nehukuru hwemudziyo, kusvika ku17 ~ 18 nguva, zvishoma se3 ~ 4 nguva. Zvakanakira zvaro zvinoita kuti kupenya mukati memidziyo yunifomu uye kuenderana, uye iyi nzira inonyanya kushandiswa kumidziyo mikuru, matai matete uye zvigadzirwa zvinopenya. Yakapayona muJingdezhen muMing Dynasty.
Kupenya - glazing maitiro ezvinhu zvakakura, ndeimwe yemaitiro echinyakare ekupenya muChina. Bata mbiya kana chipunu muruoko rumwe norumwe, tora glaze paste, uye uidururire pamusoro pemuviri wakasvibirira.
Glaze - imwe yenzira dzechinyakare dzekupenya muChina. Munguva yekushanda, iyo glaze paste inodururwa mukati meiyo isina chinhu, uye yobva yazununguswa, kuitira kuti kumusoro uye kuzasi kuruboshwe uye kurudyi zvinyanye kupenya, uye yakawandisa glaze paste inodururwa, iyi nzira yakakodzera mabhodhoro, mapoto uye mamwe maturusi.
Kudhinda â nzira yekushongedza yemakeramiki. Chiratidzo chakanyorwa nemaitiro ekushongedza chinodhindwa pamutumbi wegirinhi kana usati waoma, saka zita racho. Munguva yeChirimo neMatsutso neKurwa States nguva, yakadhindwa yehari yakaoma yakashandiswa zvakanyanya, uye kubva ipapo, yave imwe yemaitiro echinyakare ekushongedza emakeramiki muChina. Ding kiln inodhinda porcelain yeRwiyo Dynasty ndiyo inomiririra zvakanyanya.
Kuchera - nzira yekushongedza ye porcelain. Shandisa chishandiso chakanongedza kumaka mitsetse pane porcelain isina chinhu kushongedza pateni, saka zita. Yakabudirira muRwiyo Dynasty, nemaruva, shiri, nhamba, madhiragoni uye phoenixes.
Kuveza - nzira yekushongedza ye porcelain. Shandisa banga kuveza peteni yekushongedza pane porcelain isina chinhu, saka zita. Iyo inoratidzirwa nesimba guru, uye mitsetse yakadzika uye yakafara kupfuura maronda. Yakabudirira muRwiyo Dynasty uye yainyanya kuzivikanwa neakavezwa maruva artifact eYaozhou kiln kuchamhembe.
Kutora maruva - nzira yekushongedza ye porcelain. Pa porcelain blank panodhirowewa pateni, chikamu chisiri chepateni chinobviswa kuti patani iite convex, ndosaka zita. Yakatanga kuchamhembe kweCizhou kiln system muRwiyo Rwenziyo, ine maruva machena machena seakanyanya kusiyanisa. Munguva yeJin Yuan, hovhoni dzeporcelain muShanxi dzaivewo dzakakurumbira, uye maruva matema glaze aive akasiyana.
Pearl Ground Scratching â nzira yekushongedza yeporcelain. Pane yakacherwa porcelain isina chinhu, gaka rinozadzwa nemaparera akanaka uye akaonda maparera, saka zita, kutanga kubva kunguva yekupedzisira Tang Henan Mi County kiln, iyo Song Dynasty yakakurumbira Henan, Hebei, Shanxi porcelain kilns, Henan Dengfeng kiln zvigadzirwa ndizvo zvinonyanya kusiyanisa.
Appliqué - nzira yekushongedza yekeramics. Kushandisa kuumba kana kukanya uye dzimwe nzira, maitiro akasiyana-siyana anogadzirwa kubva mumatope ematai, obva anamatira pamuviri wegirinhi, saka zita racho. Iwo egirinhi-akapenya ebrown appliqués edzinza reTang uye jecha kilns, pamwe nekushongedza kweTang Sancai appliqués kubva kumoto weGongxian County, Henan, ese ane mukurumbira.
Pepa rakacheka appliqué - nzira yekushongedza ye porcelain. Kucheka pepa itsika yechinyakare yevanhu muChina, iyo inodyara mapepa-kucheka mapatani kune porcelain yekushongedza, saka zita. Iyo yepakutanga Jizhou kiln muRuwa rweJiangxi muRwiyo Dynasty, mune dema-glazed teapot, yakashongedzwa nemaruva epuramu, mashizha ematanda, phoenixes, butterflies uye mamwe mapatani, kucheka-mapepa kunoshamisa, kune simba renzvimbo.
Makeup clay â nzira yekunakisa ruvara rwevhiri. Kuti vatsigire simba reruvara rweporcelain tire, jira revhu jena revhu rinoiswa kune vhiri risina chinhu kuita kuti tsiko rive rakatsetseka uye jena, kuitira kuti ruvara rwe glaze runatse, uye ivhu revhu rinoshandiswa nenzira iyi rinonzi cosmetic ivhu. Ivhu rekushongedza rakatanga muWestern Jin Dynasty muWuzhou kiln celadon muZhejiang, yekuchamhembe chena porcelain yaishandiswa zvakanyanya muSui neTang dynasties, uye kushandiswa kweCizhou kiln porcelain muRwiyo Dynasty kwaizivikanwawo, kunyanya marudzi ekucheka aishandiswa zvakanyanya.
Kutsvaga goridhe - nzira yekushongedza yemakeramiki. Yakapendwa pamakeramiki egoridhe uye yobva yapiswa, ndosaka zita. Iyo Song Dynasty Ding Kiln ine chena glaze goridhe yekutevera uye dema glaze goridhe yekutevera ware, uye maererano nemagwaro, iyo Song Dynasty Ding Kiln "yakapenda negariki muto negoridhe". Kubva ipapo, mifananidzo yegoridhe paLiao, Jin, Yuan, Ming uye Qing porcelain yakaonekwa.
Purple iron tsoka - chinhu chekushongedza che porcelain. Mamwe marudzi eSouthern Song Dynasty official kiln, heirloom kiln uye Song Dynasty Longquan kiln, nokuti fetal bone ine yakakwira iron content, kana yapiswa mumhepo inoderedza, kupenya kwemuromo wemudziyo kunoyerera pasi pemvura, uye fetal ruvara rwepepuru kana glaze layer yakatetepa; Rutsoka rwakavhurika chikamu chesimbi-dema, iyo inonzi "pepuru simbi tsoka".
Gold wire wire - chinhu chekushongedza che porcelain. Heirloom kiln porcelain, nekuda kwekusiyana kwekuwedzera kweiyo vhiri glaze panguva yekupfura, inoumba glazed zvidimbu zvakavhurika, hombe zviyo zvinoonekwa zvitema, zviyo zvidiki zvidimbu zvinooneka zvegoridhe yero, imwe nhema uye imwe yero, ndiko kuti, iyo inonzi "yegoridhe waya yesimbi".
Kuvhura - nekuda kweakasiyana ekuwedzera coefficient yevhiri glaze panguva yekupfura, ega ega ega eSong Dynasty official kilns, heirloom kilns uye Longquan kilns ane akavhurika maitiro. Mushure meRwiyo Dynasty, Jingdezhen kilns aivewo nekunyepedzera kupisa.
Mbabvu - chinhu chekushongedza che porcelain. Southern Song Dynasty Longquan kiln celadon, zvimwe zvikamu zvekugadzirwa kwezvimedu zvakabuda, kana glaze ikanyanya kutetepa, ruvara rwakareruka, kusiyanisa, ndiko kuti, dzinonzi mbabvu.
Earthworm inofamba madhaka pateni - inopenya chimiro cheporcelain. Kana iyo porcelain isina chinhu ichipenya uye yakaomeswa, iyo glaze layer inoburitsa makatsemuka, uye glaze inoyerera panguva yekupfura kuti ivhare mabhiriji, zvichikonzera matanho anosara mushure mekunge gonye rakwira kubva mumatope, nekudaro zita. Icho chinhu chakasarudzika cheJun kiln porcelain muYu County, Henan Province muRwiyo Dynasty.
Crab claw pattern â chimiro chakapenya cheporcelain. Nekuda kwekupenya kwemidziyo, iyo gobvu glaze inodonha kuti iite mitsetse yasara mushure memisodzi, nekudaro zita, rinova rimwe rehunhu hwewhite porcelain glaze muDing kiln yeRwiyo Dynasty.
Jomon - imwe yemhando yekushongedza yeNeolithic pottery. Inopihwa zita nekuti pateni yacho yakaumbwa setambo yakakoshwa. Mapatsi ehari akaputirwa netambo kana kuti akavezwa netambo yetambo anoshandiswa pahari isina chinhu iyo isati yaoma, uye mushure mekupfura, mufananidzo weJomon unosara pamusoro pemudziyo.
Geometric pattern - imwe yemaitiro ekushongedza emakeramiki. Mapoinzi, mitsetse, uye nzvimbo dzinoumba dzakasiyana siyana dzenguva dzose geometric manhamba, nokudaro zita. Zvakadai senge katatu pateni, grid pateni, checkered pateni, zigzag pateni, denderedzwa pateni, diamond pateni, zigzag pateni, gore kutinhira pateni, kumashure pateni, nezvimwe.
