Mukurumbira weDingyao chena porcelain yakatanga muNorthern Song Dynasty, uye kupfurwa kweDingyao chena porcelain kwakatanga muTang Dynasty. Nzvimbo yeDingyao Kiln iri muQuyangjian Magnetic Village, Hebei. Iyo Dingyao chena porcelain yeTang Dynasty ine hunhu hwakafanana neXingyao chena porcelain, uye maumbirwo acho anosanganisira ndiro, ndiro, matireyi, mapoto anozadza, mabheseni, zvitofu zvine makumbo matatu uye matoyi. Kuenzaniswa nemabasa eNguva yeNguva yeDynasties shanu, mipendero yemidziyo ine miromo yakakora, mapendekete akazara, pasi pezasi, uye keke rakatenderera-rakafanana nemazasi akasimba, uye mamwe ane jade pasi. Yakawanda yevhu chena yeTang Dynasty Dingyao yakafanana neiyo chena porcelain yeXingyao panguva iyoyo, iyo fetal bone chikamu chakatetepa, iyo fetal ruvara ichena, uye kune imwe mhando ye fetal bone yakakora, chikamu chakakora, asi sintering iri nani.
Munguva yeNeolithic, ivhu chena mutsika yeDawenkou, matongo eShang Dynasty's Erligang neYin zvakaratidza kutsvagirwa kweware chena nemhizha panguva iyoyo.
Pakaenderera mberi kugadzirwa kwemvura yakadzika-tembiricha murwizi rweYangtze (kunyanya Yuedi, Zhejiang) muzana ramakore rechitatu, kuchamhembe, uko kune chizvarwa chichena, kwakaedzawo kupisa porcelain nenzvimbo yakapenya.
Mukupera kwezana remakore rechitanhatu, Northern Qi (550-577) yakagadzira zvinhu zvakachena-glazed, asi kubva pakuona kwe glaze pharmacy, iyo midziyo yakachena-yakapenya inogona kunzi yakaderera-kupisa inopenya yehari, kana kutsika-kupisa kutungamirira glaze ware ye-high-temperature semi-temperature yakakwira semi-temperature-yega-yega-yemoto-yakagadzirwa nemoto; Zvisinei, kuedza nemaune kwevaumbi veNorthern Dynasty kutsvaga kutaridzika kwevhu chena kwatova pachena.
Sui (581-618) uye Tang (618-907) yaive nguva yekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yechamhembe yeporcelain, uye honi yeXing, yakakurumbira pakugadzira porcelain chena yakanaka, yaive mumiriri weindasitiri yechoto yekuchamhembe, yakamira padivi nepadivi nechokumaodzanyemba kweYue kiln, ichigadzira pateni yekumaodzanyemba kweBaicelainbei. Mahovhoni mazhinji munzvimbo yese yekuchamhembe kweTang Dynasty akafurirwa neXing kilns, saka aive akafanana muchimiro, kupenya, kushongedza uye kupfura, uye honi yeDing yakanga isiri iyo. Mukupedzisira Tang Dynasty, kwaive nemhando mbiri dzekuchamhembe chena porcelain: chena-tire-yakapenya porcelain uye yekugadzira chena porcelain ine ivhu rekugadzira, uye honi yaive mumiriri wewhite-tire-glazed porcelain. Munguva yekupedzisira yedzinza reTang, Dingzhou yakachengetedza mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika akadzikama, uye ivhu reLingshan riri pamusoro peporcelain kaolin, uye padyo zvakare rakapfuma mufeldspar, quartz, dolomite uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zveglaze, iyo inonyanya kukosha nzvimbo yekugadzira kuchamhembe kweJianci Village Jianciling yemarasha ekare, saka, inogona kukurumidza kugadzirisa mazimbe echinyakare, saka, inokwanisa kukurumidza kugadzirisa marasha. Kuchera kwechaeological kwakafukunura akawanda anonoka Tang dzinza rakanakisa remukuva porcelain mienzaniso, inogona kuratidza kukura kweDingyao tekinoroji uye kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira, zvekuti Dingyao chena porcelain zvishoma nezvishoma yakapfuura chinzvimbo cheXingyao.
Muchikamu chechipiri chezana remakore rechigumi mukutanga kweNorthern Song Dynasty, pamusoro pevhu jena reDingyao raive nemitsara yekushongedza, asi mazhinji acho aive emitsetse mapatani akavezwa zvakanaka nemapanga akatwasuka; Rusvingo rwekunze runowanzo kuvezwa nematanda akawanda e-lotus petals, ayo anoshandiswa mu-bas-relief kuratidza kuti petal imwe neimwe ye lotus inoshandiswa sepakati-rib rib; Yakatorwa, isina kupenya kumagumo, mupendero wemuromo uzere ne glaze, asi zvakajairikawo kukwenya denderedzwa re glaze pamuromo usati wapisa moto, kana kubvisa mupendero wakatenderedza muromo mushure mekupfura. Iyo chena porcelain yenguva iyi yakagadzirwa kutevedzera Yaozhou kiln uye Yue kiln.
Munguva yeNorthern Song Dynasty, kubva kuma20s kusvika kuma50s ezana ramakore regumi nerimwe, tekinoroji yeDingyao porcelain kugadzirwa yakapinda shanduko huru. Banga rekutanga rakatwasuka rakatsetseka rakavezwa mitsetse mitsetse inoshandurwa kuita oblique banga refu mitsetse mitsetse; Embossed yakasimudzwa lotus petals yakaderedzwa. Patani yakadhindwa yeforoma yemukati inooneka, uye iyi nhambo inopedzwa; Iyo nzira yekupfutidza haina kunyatsogadzirwa kusvika kuma50s ezana ramakore rechi11. Chimiro chehovhoni chakapedzwa munguva iyi.
Kubva pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 11 kusvika kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 12, nguva yakabudirira zvikuru yeNorthern Song Dynasty, makuva eShi akaita semakuva emhuri yeHan Qi uye makuva emhuri yeLü Dalin akafukunura mabasa mazhinji emhando yepamusoro Ding honi uye zvimedu, kunyanya yakachena uye yakanyorovesa bhinzi porcelain, muromo wakakura, infikouating, muromo wakakura, muromo wakakura, muromo wakakura.
Kubva kuma20s kusvika kuma50s ezana ramakore rechi 12, panguva ino, hovhoni yaive yeJin Dynasty (1115-1234), uye indasitiri yehuni yakabudirira, uye mhando uye huwandu hwakasvika pakakwirira. Nhamba yevhu chena yakafukunurwa kuchamhembe kweJin Dynasty yakawanda kwazvo. Iyo "Golden History" ine: "Zhending Fu inogadzira porcelain. â
Munguva yeNeolithic, ivhu chena mutsika yeDawenkou, matongo eShang Dynasty's Erligang neYin zvakaratidza kutsvagirwa kweware chena nemhizha panguva iyoyo.
Pakaenderera mberi kugadzirwa kwemvura yakadzika-tembiricha murwizi rweYangtze (kunyanya Yuedi, Zhejiang) muzana ramakore rechitatu, kuchamhembe, uko kune chizvarwa chichena, kwakaedzawo kupisa porcelain nenzvimbo yakapenya.
Mukupera kwezana remakore rechitanhatu, Northern Qi (550-577) yakagadzira zvinhu zvakachena-glazed, asi kubva pakuona kwe glaze pharmacy, iyo midziyo yakachena-yakapenya inogona kunzi yakaderera-kupisa inopenya yehari, kana kutsika-kupisa kutungamirira glaze ware ye-high-temperature semi-temperature yakakwira semi-temperature-yega-yega-yemoto-yakagadzirwa nemoto; Zvisinei, kuedza nemaune kwevaumbi veNorthern Dynasty kutsvaga kutaridzika kwevhu chena kwatova pachena.
Sui (581-618) uye Tang (618-907) yaive nguva yekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yechamhembe yeporcelain, uye honi yeXing, yakakurumbira pakugadzira porcelain chena yakanaka, yaive mumiriri weindasitiri yechoto yekuchamhembe, yakamira padivi nepadivi nechokumaodzanyemba kweYue kiln, ichigadzira pateni yekumaodzanyemba kweBaicelainbei. Mahovhoni mazhinji munzvimbo yese yekuchamhembe kweTang Dynasty akafurirwa neXing kilns, saka aive akafanana muchimiro, kupenya, kushongedza uye kupfura, uye honi yeDing yakanga isiri iyo. Mukupedzisira Tang Dynasty, kwaive nemhando mbiri dzekuchamhembe chena porcelain: chena-tire-yakapenya porcelain uye yekugadzira chena porcelain ine ivhu rekugadzira, uye honi yaive mumiriri wewhite-tire-glazed porcelain. Munguva yekupedzisira yedzinza reTang, Dingzhou yakachengetedza mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika akadzikama, uye ivhu reLingshan riri pamusoro peporcelain kaolin, uye padyo zvakare rakapfuma mufeldspar, quartz, dolomite uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zveglaze, iyo inonyanya kukosha nzvimbo yekugadzira kuchamhembe kweJianci Village Jianciling yemarasha ekare, saka, inogona kukurumidza kugadzirisa mazimbe echinyakare, saka, inokwanisa kukurumidza kugadzirisa marasha. Kuchera kwechaeological kwakafukunura akawanda anonoka Tang dzinza rakanakisa remukuva porcelain mienzaniso, inogona kuratidza kukura kweDingyao tekinoroji uye kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira, zvekuti Dingyao chena porcelain zvishoma nezvishoma yakapfuura chinzvimbo cheXingyao.
Muchikamu chechipiri chezana remakore rechigumi mukutanga kweNorthern Song Dynasty, pamusoro pevhu jena reDingyao raive nemitsara yekushongedza, asi mazhinji acho aive emitsetse mapatani akavezwa zvakanaka nemapanga akatwasuka; Rusvingo rwekunze runowanzo kuvezwa nematanda akawanda e-lotus petals, ayo anoshandiswa mu-bas-relief kuratidza kuti petal imwe neimwe ye lotus inoshandiswa sepakati-rib rib; Yakatorwa, isina kupenya kumagumo, mupendero wemuromo uzere ne glaze, asi zvakajairikawo kukwenya denderedzwa re glaze pamuromo usati wapisa moto, kana kubvisa mupendero wakatenderedza muromo mushure mekupfura. Iyo chena porcelain yenguva iyi yakagadzirwa kutevedzera Yaozhou kiln uye Yue kiln.
Munguva yeNorthern Song Dynasty, kubva kuma20s kusvika kuma50s ezana ramakore regumi nerimwe, tekinoroji yeDingyao porcelain kugadzirwa yakapinda shanduko huru. Banga rekutanga rakatwasuka rakatsetseka rakavezwa mitsetse mitsetse inoshandurwa kuita oblique banga refu mitsetse mitsetse; Embossed yakasimudzwa lotus petals yakaderedzwa. Patani yakadhindwa yeforoma yemukati inooneka, uye iyi nhambo inopedzwa; Iyo nzira yekupfutidza haina kunyatsogadzirwa kusvika kuma50s ezana ramakore rechi11. Chimiro chehovhoni chakapedzwa munguva iyi.
Kubva pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 11 kusvika kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 12, nguva yakabudirira zvikuru yeNorthern Song Dynasty, makuva eShi akaita semakuva emhuri yeHan Qi uye makuva emhuri yeLü Dalin akafukunura mabasa mazhinji emhando yepamusoro Ding honi uye zvimedu, kunyanya yakachena uye yakanyorovesa bhinzi porcelain, muromo wakakura, infikouating, muromo wakakura, muromo wakakura, muromo wakakura.
Kubva kuma20s kusvika kuma50s ezana ramakore rechi 12, panguva ino, hovhoni yaive yeJin Dynasty (1115-1234), uye indasitiri yehuni yakabudirira, uye mhando uye huwandu hwakasvika pakakwirira. Nhamba yevhu chena yakafukunurwa kuchamhembe kweJin Dynasty yakawanda kwazvo. Iyo "Golden History" ine: "Zhending Fu inogadzira porcelain. â
